A peer-reviewed or peer-refereed journal accepts articles from experts and then asks other experts in the field to read the article and give feedback on academic rigor and correctness.
You can limit your search to Peer-Reviewed materials in library databases:
This page was influenced by UC-Berkeley's library guide titled Evaluating Sources
Two questions to ask:
What kind of source do I need?
What kind of source am I looking at?
When you are figuring out if a source is popular or scholarly, you are evaluating a source. Scholarly sources are not always "good" and popular sources are not always "bad". Instead, it's how we use the source that determines if it's appropriate for our research.
Is a source popular or scholarly? Use the chart below to see which characteristics your source most likely matches:
Specificity | Popular: general or specific topics; opinions | Popular: General interest topics; news; entertainment | Scholarly: Specific or narrow area of research |
---|---|---|---|
Author | Anyone | Journalists or anyone | Experts (professors, doctors, faculty, and scholars) |
Reading Level | 8th grade or lower | 8th grade or lower | Lots of big words, dense jargon, hard for an outsider to understand |
Purpose | To inform or share opinions | To entertain, to inform, to share an opinion | To move the field forward, to gain new understanding of a subject area |
How was it edited? | After publication by group editing or by comments | Before publication by in-house editors or not edited or fact-checked at all | evaluated by experts in a rigorous peer-review process |
How are the sources cited? | Links to other websites or no citations | Sometimes links to other websites, sometimes bibliography | Always has a Bibliography |
Examples: | Wikipedia, blogs, comment sections, etc. | USA Today, People Magainze, BBC, New York Times, etc. | Journal of the American Medical Association, Journal of Hydrology, etc. |
Source Type
Currency
Author/sponsorship
Bias
Relevance
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