Data and Statistics

Each style guide has specific rules regarding citation of data and data sets. Below are examples from some of the most popular citation manuals.

APA (7th edition)

Author. (Year). Title of data set [Description]. Publisher. URL

Examples of data sets taken from the web:

United States Department of Agriculture. (2014). Food access research atlas [Data set]. http://www.ers.usda.gov/datafiles/Food_Access_Research_Atlas/Download_the_Data/Current_Version/DataDownload.xlsx

O’Donohue, W. (2017). Content analysis of undergraduate psychology textbooks (ICPSR 21600; Version V1) [Data set]. ICPSR. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36966.v1

Example from a library database:

Easy Analytic Software, Inc. (2015). Household Appliances | Appliances For Climate Control (household owns): Central air conditioner, 2015. Statistical Datasets. 

MLA (9th edition)

Author. Title of Data Set. Publisher Information, Year, URL.

Example from the web:

“Table 311.80: Number and Percentage Distribution of Course Enrollments in Languages Other Than English at Degree-Granting Postsecondary Institutions, by Language and Enrollment Level: Selected Years, 2002 through 2013.” Digest of Education Statistics, National Center for Education Statistics, 2015, nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d15/tables/dt15_311.80.asp.

Example from library database:

Easy Analytic Software, Inc. Household Appliances | Appliances For Climate Control (household owns): Central air conditioner. EASI Analytics, 2015. Statistical Datasets. 

Chicago (17th edition)

Name of database (descriptive phrase or record locator, such as accession number; access date).  URL.

Example from the web: 

GenBank (for RP11-322N14 BAC [accession number AC087526.3]; accessed April 6, 2016). http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.stmarys-ca.idm.oclc.org/nuccore/19683167.

NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (object name IRAS F00400+4059; accessed April 6, 2016). http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/.

Example from a library database:

Easy Analytic Software, Inc. (Household Appliances | Appliances For Climate Control (household owns): Central air conditioner; 2015). Statistical Datasets.